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Clinical Practice Guidelines

Liver transplantation

Survival rates after liver transplantation have improved significantly in the past 25 years. What is this great success attributed to? The first human orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) in Europe was performed by Sir Roy Calne in Cambridge in 1968, only one year after the first successful human liver transplantation reported by Thomas Starzl in the United States. Since…
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Vascular diseases of the liver

Vascular disorders of the liver, although affecting less than 5/10,000 patients, collectively account for a number of rare conditions that represent an important health problem worldwide in the field of liver diseases. A common characteristic of most of these disorders is that they can cause non-cirrhotic portal hypertension with an ensuing high morbidity and mortality.…
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Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was the first liver disease for which an effective therapeutic intervention, corticosteroid treatment, was convincingly demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. However, 50 years later AIH still remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.  
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Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis

Liver fibrosis is part of the structural and functional alterations in most chronic liver diseases. It is one of the main prognostic factors as the amount of fibrosis is correlated with the risk of developing cirrhosis and liver-related complications in viral and non-viral chronic liver diseases [1,2]. Liver biopsy has traditionally been considered the reference…
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EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C (2015)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The long-term impact of HCV infection is highly variable, ranging from minimal histological changes to extensive fibrosis and cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The number of chronically infected persons worldwide is estimated to be about 160 million,…
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Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease

Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication and one of the most debilitating manifestations of liver disease, severely affecting the lives of patients and their caregivers. Furthermore, cognitive impairment associated with cirrhosis results in utilization of more health care resources in adults than other manifestations of liver disease. Progress in the area has been hindered…
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Management of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The long-term impact of HCV infection is highly variable, from minimal changes to extensive fibrosis and cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The number of chronically infected persons worldwide is estimated to be about 160 million, but most…
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ESPGHAN Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B in childhood

More than 360 million persons worldwide (6% of the world population) are chronically infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although the incidence of HBV infection has dramatically declined since the implementation of universal immunization programs in several countries and blood-donor screening, a significant number of children are still infected each year, often developing chronic infection…
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Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver disease in Europe. However, there has been limited research investment into ALD despite its significant burden on the health of Europeans. This disparity is reflected by the ETOh score – the ratio of the estimated population mortality rate to the number of trials…
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EASL-EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

These guidelines result from a joint collaboration between the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). The EASL–EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines provide common guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and define the use of surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies recommended…
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